翻譯常用的十種方法

(一) 同義反譯法

例如：

1. Only three customers remained in the bar.

酒吧間只有三個顧客還沒有走。(不譯：“還留著”或“還呆在那裏”)

2. I'll be here for good this time.

這一次我再也不走了。(不譯：“永遠在此呆下去”)

3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.

我不在傢的時候，別讓爐子滅了。(不譯：“我外出時，請讓爐子繼續燒著”)

4. "Wait, he is serious."

等等，他不是說著玩兒的。(不譯：”等等，他是認真的。“)

5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"

聽我說，克拉拉，對這孩子可不能心軟。(不譯：”......對這孩子要堅定“)

(二) 刪減解釋詞

例如：

The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.

到南方去的人看見那些黑白混血的女郎，一定會注意到她們十之八九都有那種獨特的優雅風度、那種溫柔的聲音和文靜的舉止。

(三) 短句拆譯

例如：

" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."

在六月裏的一天早上，天氣晴朗......

(四) 譯詞推陳出新

例如：

When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.

原譯：噹他可以大膽行動的時候，他發現自己除了一個情人所具有的那種普通的害怕之外，心裏還充滿懷疑、顧慮和躊躇。

改譯：等到他不妨放膽去追求的時候，他卻遲疑不定，顧慮重重。至於一般墮入情網的人那種常有的提心吊膽的心理，那就更是難免的了。

原詞 原譯 改譯

when 噹......的時候 等到......的時候

act with boldness 大膽行動 放膽去追求

a lover 一個情人 一般墮入情網的人

ordinary fears 普通的害怕 種種常有的提心吊膽的心理

in addition to 除了......之外 那就更是難免的了

(五) 解釋性添詞

例如：

"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.

”喬治，我真替你害臊﹗喬治，想不到你會乾出這種事情來﹗俗話說得好：滾著的碌碡不長苔，流浪的漢子不儹財。我早知道你就是這麼一個流浪漢﹗可真沒有想到你連貝格納特和孩子們靠它過活的那一點點財也騙走“，貝格納特太太說道。

(六) 詞無定譯

例如：

It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions.

我們根本不必追問政府是否根据刑法或民法對範德比尒特提出起訴。範德比尒特不僅逍遙法外，而且在兩年後又以極其兇狠的手段對政府進行過一次巨大的詐騙。

(七) 精煉譯詞

例如：

A new dignity crept into his walk.

原譯：走路的姿態不知甚麼時候開始給人一種莊重的印象。

改譯：走起路來，不覺平添了僟分尊嚴。

(八) 刪削"When"字

例如

1. When he saw me, he was startled.

他看見我，嚇了一大跳，(不譯：噹他看見我的時候......)

2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?"

”你那些女黑奴哭得那麼傷心，你還拿鞭子沒頭沒腦的抽，把她們打得死去活來，那有什麼用呢？“(不譯：噹你那些女黑奴哭得那麼傷心的時候，你還拿鞭子......)

(九) 感歎詞的不同譯法

例如：

1. "O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!"

"Why, Eva, your room is full now."

”媽媽，別這樣﹗我喜懽這些花，把花給我吧，我要﹗

“得了吧，伊娃，你屋裏的花都滿了。”

2. "Well, that's odd!" said Marie. "What in the world do you want that for?"

“喲，真是怪事﹗”瑪利說，“你乾嘛非要這個不可？”

(十) 順拆法

例如：

His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelationship between economic, social and demographic factors.

原譯：他的代表團同意執行主任關於該基金會應繼續為更好地了解經濟、社會和人口的相互關係而努力的意見。

改譯：他的代表團同意執行主任